CHEMICAL WEED CONTROL IS A MAIN PROBLEM IN AGRICULTURE. BESIDE IT REDUCTION OF APPLYING CHEMICAL IS ESSENTIAL BY ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMICAL FACTOR. ONE WAY IS PRECISION SPRAYING ON WEED AND Optical sensor CAN HELP US TO FIND THE TENDER POSITION OF WEED, SOIL, RESIDUE. SYSTEM RECOGNIZING THE PLANT AND SOIL BY DIFFERENT REFLEX BEAM. PRIMARY TEST ARE REPEATABLE AND CONSTANT CIRCUMSTANT FOR PLANT AND SOIL UNDER AMBIENT LIGHT. FOR REACH THIS GOAL A REAL TIME SYSTEM FOR RECOGNIZING AND MAPPING WEED WITH MACHINE VISION, RECOGNITION PATTERN TECHNIQUE AND SCIENCE PREDICATE BY DECISION USED. UNDER SPECIFIC CIRCUMSTANT LIKE BETWEEN OF WIDE ROW, TOP OF THE ROW AND BEFORE GERMINATION ALL OF THE GROWED GRASS ARE WEED. THEREFORE PRIMARY FIELD TEST DO ON THE ROW, BETWEEN CORN ROW AND ON THE CONVENTIONAL PLANTED FIELD. AMOUNT OF SAVED PESTICIDES BY THIS WAY IS ABOUT 30 TO 70% WITH THE 100% EFFICIENCY IN WEED CONTROL. Optical sensor THAT APPLYING FOR RECOGNIZE PLANT, SOIL AND RESIDUE HAVE ENOUGH SPEED FOR DOING THIS JOB.

ANTIMONY (SB) IS USUALLY FOUND IN TWO OXIDATION STATES (III AND V) IN ENVIRONMENTAL, BIOLOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL SAMPLES. DETERMINATION OF ANTIMONY IS OF GREAT IMPORTANCE OWING TO THE LARGE DIFFERENCES REGARDING THEIR TOXIC PROPERTIES. ELEMENTAL ANTIMONY IS MORE TOXIC THAN ITS SALTS, AND GENERALLY, TRIVALENT ANTIMONY COMPOUNDS HAVE HIGHER TOXICITY THAN THE PENTAVALENT ANTIMONY SPECIES. PENTAVALENT ANTIMONIALS, INCLUDING MEGLUMINE ANTIMONIATE, ARE THE DRUGS OF CHOICE FOR THE TREATMENT OF LEISHMANIASES. SINCE ANTIMONY IS THE ACTIVE SPECIES, THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE EXACT METAL CONCENTRATION IN COMMERCIAL FORMULATIONS IS CRITICAL FOR ITS CLINICAL USE [1, 2].RECENTLY, Optical CHEMICAL sensorS THAT POSE AN APPROPRIATE SENSING LAYER WITH THE ABILITY FOR SELECTIVE AND REVERSIBLE RECOGNITION OF THE ANALYTES HAVE SEEN A GROWTH IN INTEREST.Optical sensorS (OPTODES) ARE A PARTICULAR TYPE OF CHEMICAL sensor WHERE SPECTROSCOPIC MEASUREMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH CHEMICAL REACTIONS ARE CARRIED OUT. OPTODES FOR HEAVY METAL IONS, AS VIABLE ALTERNATIVES TO OTHER TYPES OF sensorS, OFFER SEVERAL ADVANTAGES SUCH AS EASE OF PREPARATION AND PROCEDURES, SMALL SIZE, LOW COST, RELATIVELY FAST RESPONSE, WIDE RESPONSE RANGE, REASONABLE SELECTIVITY AND HIGH SENSITIVITY [3, 4].IN THE PRESENT WORK, AN Optical CHEMICAL sensor FOR THE DETERMINATION OF ANTIMONY HAS BEEN CONSTRUCTED BY IMMOBILIZATION OF METHYLTRIOCTYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE ON TRIACETYLCELLULOSE MEMBRANE. THE EXCHANGE OF CHLORIDE AS COUNTER ION WITH IODIDE IN THE MEMBRANE CHANGES THE COLORLESS FILM TO YELLOW, WHEN IT IS PLACED IN ACIDIC SOLUTION CONTAINING SB (III) AND ASCORBIC ACID. THE sensor CAN READILY BE REGENERATED BY 0.1 MOL L-1 SODIUM CITRATE SOLUTION. UNDER OPTIMUM CONDITIONS, THE PROPOSED MEMBRANE IS CAPABLE OF DETERMINING SB (III) OVER A DYNAMIC RANGE BETWEEN 6.5 × 10-7 AND 2.3 × 10-4 MOL L-1 WITH A LIMIT OF DETECTION 3.3 × 10-7 MOL L-1. THE RELATIVE STANDARD DEVIATION FOR EIGHT REPLICATE MEASUREMENTS OF 1.96 × 10-5 AND 1.31 × 10-4 MOL L-1 OF SB WAS 4.28 AND 1.20 %, RESPECTIVELY. THE sensor WAS SUCCESSFULLY APPLIED TO THE DETERMINATION OF ANTIMONY IN DRUG AND WATER SAMPLES.

A HIGHLY SELECTIVE Optical sensor WAS DEVELOPED FOR HIGHLY SELECTIVE DETERMINATION OFNI2+ BY CHEMICAL IMMOBILIZATION OF A 3-HYDROXY-3-PHENYL-1-O-CARBOXYPHENYL TRIAZENE, ON AN AGAROSE MEMBRANE. SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STUDIES OF COMPLEX FORMATION BETWEEN THE LIGAND AND CA2+, UO22+, CU2+, CR3+, FE2+, MG2+, CO2+, PB2+ AND AG+METAL IONS INDICATED A SUBSTANTIALLY LARGER STABILITY CONSTANT FOR THE NI2+ ION COMPLEX COMPARED TO THE OTHER METAL IONS. CONSEQUENTLY, THETRIAZENE DERIVATIVE LIGAND WAS USED AS AN APPROPRIATE IONOPHORE FOR THE PREPARATION OF A SELECTIVE NI2+ Optical sensor, BY ITS CHEMICAL IMMOBILIZATION ON A TRANSPARENT AGAROSE FILM. A DISTINCT COLOR CHANGE, FROM GREEN TO DARK GREEN, WAS OBSERVED BY CONTACTING THE SENSING MEMBRANE WITH NI2+ IONS AT PH 9. THE EFFECTS OF PH, IONOPHORE CONCENTRATION, IONIC STRENGTH AND REACTION TIME WERE STUDIED. NO SIGNIFICANT INTERFERENCE FROM THE AFOREMENTIONED METAL IONS WAS OBSERVED WITH CONCENTRATIONS 100 TIMES OF THE ANALYTE ION. A LINEAR RELATIONSHIP WAS OBSERVED BETWEEN THE MEMBRANE ABSORBANCE AT 420NM AND NI+2 CONCENTRATIONS IN A RANGE FROM7.9×10-5- 9×10-4WITH AN R2 VALUE OF 0.991.

A HIGHLY SELECTIVE Optical sensor WAS DEVELOPED FOR THE MO (VI) DETERMINATION BY CHEMICAL IMMOBILIZATION OF QUERCETIN ON AN AGAROSE MEMBRANE. SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STUDIES OF COMPLEX FORMATION BETWEEN THE QUERCETIN AND CA2+, NI2+, CU2+, CR2+, FE2+, FE3+, CO2+ AND PB2+ METAL IONS IN BUFFER SOLUTION INDICATED A SUBSTANTIALLY LARGER STABILITY CONSTANT FOR THE MO (VI) ION COMPLEX. CONSEQUENTLY, THE QUERCETIN WAS USED AS AN APPROPRIATE IONOPHORE FOR THE PREPARATION OF A SELECTIVE MO (VI) Optical sensor, BY ITS IMMOBILIZATION ON A TRANSPARENT AGAROSE FILM. A COLOR CHANGE FROM YELLOW TO DARK YELLOW WAS OBSERVED BY CONTACTING THE SENSING MEMBRANE WITH MO (VI) IONS AT PH 2.7. THE EFFECTS OF PH, IONOPHORE CONCENTRATION, IONIC STRENGTH AND REACTION TIME WERE STUDIED. A LINEAR RELATIONSHIP WAS OBSERVED BETWEEN THE MEMBRANE ABSORBANCE AT 430 NM AND MO (VI) CONCENTRATIONS IN A RANGE FROM 20-800ML WITH AN R2 VALUE OF 0.993. NO SIGNIFICANT INTERFERENCE FROM 100 TIMES CONCENTRATIONS OF A NUMBER OF POTENTIALLY INTERFERING IONS WAS DETECTED FOR THE MO (VI) ION DETERMINATION. THE Optical sensor WAS SUCCESSFULLY APPLIED TO THE DETERMINATION OF MO (VI) IN SPIKED WATER SAMPLES.